Theodolite survey report pdf

Thus modern instruments can be used in a variety of surveying situations. Optical theodolite Electronic Digital theodolite Figure 2. Tribrach Allows the instrument to be connected to the top of a tripod and also allows the instrument to be levelled with respect to a plate bubble. Horizontal Circle Compartment This compartment is comprised of: i The lower plate that carries the horizontal circle.

Attached to the upper plate is the plate bubble. When centered, the plate bubble ensures that the instrument axis is vertical. In modern electronic theodolites, the spirit bubble has been replaced with an electronic one. This electronic means of levelling has made initial levelling of the instrument a less time consuming task.

Vertical Circle Compartment The vertical circle is similar to the horizontal circle but is fixed to the telescope. Thus it revolves with the rotation of the telescope. This compartment has the vertical circle index. Most modern theodolites employ an automatic compensator but some of the more elderly instruments use an altitude bubble. The slow motion screws allow for the movement of the instrument around the horizontal axis.

There is also a similar slow motion screw and plate clamp for the vertical circle. Optical Plummet Built in the base of the instrument to allow the instrument to be precisely centered over the station.

The line of sight through the optical plummet is exactly the same as the vertical axis of the theodolite. It is a procedure of setting up a theodolite that involves the following process: a centering; b leveling; and c removing parallax. The steps are as follows: 1. Start with a plumbob to get it approximately right above the survey station [Figure 4. Using the foot screws, move the optical plummet cross hairs on to the survey station.

Roughly level the instrument using the legs of the tripod — the theodolite should stay almost on target. Level with foot screws. Move instrument above target; repeat level and move until done. Turn bubble parallel to two foot screws A and B [Figure 4.

If the bubble remains in centre, then it is adjusted. Repeat the whole procedure; assuming this is the correct, the bubble will stay in a stationary position. If the stationary position of the bubble is still off the centre, then a permanent adjustment should be made. Parallax should be eliminated in order to have accurate sighting. There are two ways to overcome or eliminate the parallax. There are by accurately focusing the cross-hairs against a light background and focusing the instrument on a distant target or by focusing the eye-piece for distinct vision of the cross hairs.

There are certain basic requirements for a theodolite that must be established particularly when using it. You are reading a preview.

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Shze Hwa Lee Follow. Construction technology ii report. Idj compilation. Sustainable Housing Development. Building services i report. Site surveying report i. Surveying by using Digital Theodolite. Site surveying report ii. Related Books Free with a 30 day trial from Scribd. Dry: A Memoir Augusten Burroughs. Related Audiobooks Free with a 30 day trial from Scribd. Theodolite report 1. Wong Qin Kai 2. Finding difference of level. Transit Theodolite: A theodolite is called a transit theodolite when its telescope can be transited i.

They are inferior in utility and have now become obsolete. Vernier Theodolite: For reading the graduated circle if verniers are used ,the theodolite is called as a Vernier Theodolite. Whereas, if a micrometer is provided to read the graduated circle the same is called as a Micrometer Theodolite. Vernier type theodolites are commonly used. A theodolite is designated by diameter of the graduated circle on the lower plate.

The common sizes are 8cm to 12 cm while 14 cm to 25 cm instrument are used for triangulation work. Greater accuracy is achieved with larger theodolites as they have bigger graduated circle with larger divisions hence used where the survey works require high degree of accuracy. Levelling Head. T- Frame. Lower Circular Plate. Plumb bob. Upper Plate. Tripod Stand. Vernier Scale. Centering : Centering means setting the theodolite exactly over an instrument- station so that its vertical axis lies immediately above the station- mark.

It can be done by means of plumb bob suspended from a small hook attached to the vertical axis of the theodolite. The centre shifting arrangement if provided with the instrument helps in easy and rapid performance of the centring. Transiting : Transiting is also known as plunging or reversing. It is the process of turning the telescope about its horizontal axis through 0 in the vertical plane thus bringing it upside down and making it point , exactly in opposite direction.

Swinging the telescope It means turning the telescope about its vertical axis in the horizontal plane. A swing is called right or left according as the telescope is rotated clockwise or counter clockwise. Face Left If the vertical circle of the instrument is on the left side of the observer while taking a reading ,the position is called the face left and the observation taken on the horizontal or vertical circle in this position, is known as the face left observation.

Face Right If the vertical circle of the instrument is on the right side of the observer while taking a reading ,the position is called the face right and the observation taken on the horizontal or vertical circle in this position, is known as the face right observation.

Changing Face It is the operation of bringing the vertical circle to the right of the observer ,if originally it is to the left , and vice versa. It is done in two steps; Firstly revolve the telescope through in a vertical plane and then rotate it through in the horizontal plane i.

It is also known as the line of sight. It is an imaginary line joining the intersection of the cross- hairs of the diaphragm to the optical centre of the object- glass and its continuation. It is also known an imaginary line joining the optical centre of the object- glass to the centre of eye piece. Axis of the Level Tube It is also called the bubble line. It is a straight line tangential to the longitudinal curve of the level tube at the centre of the tube.

It is horizontal when the bubble is in the centre. Vertical Axis. It is the axis about which the telescope can be rotated in the horizontal plane. Horizontal Axis It is the axis about which the telescope can be rotated in the vertical plane. It is also called the trunion axis. The adjustments of a theodolite are of two kinds :- 1. Permanent Adjustments. Temporary Adjustments. They are essential for the accuracy of observations. Permanent adjustments: The permanent adjustments in case of a transit theodolites are :- i Adjustment of Horizontal Plate Levels.

The axis of the plate levels must be perpendicular to the vertical axis. The line of collimation should coincide with the axis of the telescope and the axis of the objective slide and should be at right angles to the horizontal axis. The horizontal axis must be perpendicular to the vertical axis. Permanent adjustments contd.

The axis of the telescope levels or the altitude level must be parallel to the line of collimation. Report this Document. Description: Theodolite Survey. Flag for inappropriate content. Download now. Related titles.

Carousel Previous Carousel Next. Jump to Page. Search inside document. Lecturer Civil Engg. T- Frame. Lower Circular Plate. Plumb bob. Upper Plate. Tripod Stand. Vernier Scale. Face Right If the vertical circle of the instrument is on the right side of the observer while taking a reading ,the position is called the face right and the observation taken on the horizontal or vertical circle in this position, is known as the face right observation.

Axis of the Level Tube It is also called the bubble line. Permanent adjustments contd. There are three temporary adjustments of a theodolite:i Centering.

To measure horizontal repetitions:- angle by i Set up the theodolite at starting point O and level it accurately. LINE Fig. Let it be iii The sum or difference of these dings will give the value of the vertical angle between A and B according as one of the points is above and the other below the horizontal plane. N iii Release the magnetic needle and loosen the.. C1 C2 D1 D2 Fig. What are fundamental lines of a theodolite. Documents Similar To Theodolite Survey.

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